Systems Administrator Systems AdministratorOperating SystemsLinuxWindows ServermacOSNetwork AdministrationTCP/IP NetworkingNetwork Protocols (DNS, DHCP, FTP, SSH, etc.)Network Configuration and TroubleshootingNetwork Security (Firewalls, VPNs, IDS/IPS)Server AdministrationServer Installation and ConfigurationUser and Group ManagementFile System ManagementServer Monitoring and Performance TuningBackup and Disaster RecoveryVirtualizationVirtualization Concepts (VMware, Hyper-V, KVM)Virtual Machine ManagementHypervisor Configuration and AdministrationVirtual NetworkingScripting and AutomationShell Scripting (Bash, PowerShell)Task Automation (cron, PowerShell scripts)Configuration Management (Ansible, Puppet)Infrastructure Orchestration (Terraform, CloudFormation)Security AdministrationUser Authentication and AuthorizationAccess Control (RBAC, ACL)Security Policies and ProceduresIncident Response and ForensicsSecurity Auditing and ComplianceTroubleshooting and Problem SolvingSystem Debugging and Log AnalysisPerformance OptimizationTroubleshooting Hardware and Software IssuesRoot Cause AnalysisServer Services and ApplicationsWeb Servers (Apache, Nginx, IIS)Database Servers (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server)Email Servers (Exchange, Postfix, Sendmail)DNS Servers (Bind, Windows DNS)Directory Services (Active Directory, LDAP)Cloud TechnologiesCloud Computing ConceptsPublic Cloud Providers (AWS, Azure, GCP)Cloud Services (EC2, S3, Azure VMs, Google Compute Engine)Cloud Security and ComplianceBackup and RecoveryBackup Strategies and ToolsDisaster Recovery PlanningData Replication and Backup SolutionsBackup Testing and VerificationMonitoring and AlertingSystem Monitoring Tools (Nagios, Zabbix, Prometheus)Log Monitoring and AnalysisPerformance Monitoring and AlertingIncident and Event ManagementITIL and IT Service ManagementIT Service LifecycleIncident ManagementProblem ManagementChange ManagementService Level Management